When trying to understand census data, it is often helpful to review the actual census questionnaires. Link to facsimiles of the forms listed below.
The short-form questionnaire, which 5 out of 6 U.S. households received, contains information on age, race, sex, gender, Hispanic or Latino origin, household and group quarter information, and housing occupancy and tenure.
The long-form questionnaire, sent to only 1 of 6 households, collected data on all the short-form questions as well as income, poverty, education, occupation, commuting patterns, housing values, rental costs, plumbing facilities, etc.
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2000 Short-form questionnaire (PDF)